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The results are visualised with a colour system (grey, green, yellow and red), where green indicates a statistically significant improvement of clinical effects, patient experience or a statistically significant reduction of expenses in one or more health services (economic effects).
The table provides a link to information about each article including the Pubmed ID and link to the full text article.
Technology
App
Video consultation
Phone consultation
Home monitoring
SMS / Mail
Website
Clinical Effect, Patient Experience, Economic Effect
- No information
- Positive effect
- No effect
- Negative effect
Implementation
- Requires cross-sector collaboration
- Requires new equipment
- Requires additional development
- Requires new skills, training or new tasks
- Is addition to usual treatment
- Requires integration with electronic patient record
| Title | Country | Diagnosis | Intervention | Technology | Clinical Effect | Patient Experience | Economic Effect | Implementation | |
| Teleconsultation in type 1 diabetes mellitus (TELEDIABE). | Italy | Diabetes 1, 5-50 years old | Teleconsultation via web with a diabetologist every 4th month. Before consultation patients send glycemic profiles via email. During teleconsultations general condition is discussed, clinical data analyzed evaluation of therapy, plan follow up. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| TECNOB Study: Ad Interim Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multidisciplinary Telecare Intervention for Obese Patients with Type-2 Diabetes. | Italy | Obesity (BMI ≥30), Diabetes type 2 | Patients use the TECNOB web platform for monitoring data concerning dietary, activity level, weight and glycated hemoglobin. Patients maintain contact with dietitian and psychologist via SMS (regularly) and videoconference |
B+C+D | Read more | ||||
| Video consultations as add-on to standard care among patients with type 2 diabetes not responding to standard regimens: a randomized controlled trial. | Denmark | Diabetes type 2; HbA1c>7.5%; BMI >25 kg/m2 | Monthly video conferences with a nurse. Patients upload measurements on blood sugar, blood pressure, and weight regularly. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Telemedicine diabetes consultations are cost-effective, and effects on essential diabetes treatment parameters are similar to conventional treatment: 7-year results from the Svendborg Telemedicine Diabetes Project. | Denmark | Min 6 month of telemedicine diabetes control | Audiovisual contact between physician situated in his office at mainland (Svendborg) and patient + nurse situated in a clinic on the island Aeroe. Standard diabetes parameters evaluated. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Telemedicine compared with standard care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized trial in an outpatient clinic. | Denmark | Type 2 diabetes; 40-85 years | Homemonitoring with blood pressure monitor. Video consultation with a nurse. A Doctor was sometimes present or asked for advice during consultations. The patient returned to their general practitioner after stabilization typical after 3 weeks. |
D | Read more | ||||
| A randomized controlled study about the use of eHealth in the home health care of premature infants | Sweden | Families with preterm babies assigned to health care at home | App – Families answered questions once a day, and were encouraged to write individual messages to the nurses. Child progress could be followed in application graphs. Video consultations: Home health care complemented with video conferencing with nurses.
|
B+C+D+E | Read more | ||||
| A randomised trial of a remote home support programme for infants with major congenital heart disease | UK | Infants with complex CHD or congestive heart failure | IG1video: Scheduled videoconsultations weekly or twice-weekly depending on wishes of parents or clinicians. Initial enquiry if any concerns, systematic questioning related to clinical status and obtainment of clinical data |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Cost analysis of neonatal tele-homecare for preterm infants compared to hospital-based care | Denmark | Preterm infants; GA at birth < 37 weeks - weight ≥ 1500 g; Post menstrual Age ≥ 34 weeks; Tube fed; Expected tube feeding minimum 7 days | At least twice a week, a videoconference between a nurse and at least one parent was conducted. The nurses monitored infant growth by the growth data parents entered in the app. Options for videoconferences and chat messages between the NICU nurses and parents |
B+D+E+F | Read more | ||||
| Using telemedicine in the care of newborn infants after discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit reduced the need of hospital visits | Sweden | Families with newborn infants who were going to be discharged from the NICU to home care | Parents encouraged to answer ten questions about the child’s health and nutrition on the web app every day. Parents could view data in graphic work and also message the nurses through the web app. Parents received scheduled video calls from nurses |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Video consultations in medication overuse headache. A randomized controlled trial | Norway | Chronic Headache (≥15 days pr. month for ≥3 months); At least one primary headache disorder; Medication Overuse Headache (analgesics ≥15 days pr. Month) | Video consultations substituted face-to-face consultations for patients referred for second opinion at a neurological department |
D | Read more | ||||
| Distress improves after mindfulness training for progressive MS: A pilot randomised trial | UK | Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS or SPMS) ; ≥3 on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)- 12 | Intervention group were offered video-delivered (Skype) mindfulness once a week for eight weeks (8h sessions) in addition to usual care |
D+E | Read more | ||||
| Feasibility and efficacy of cognitive telerehabilitation in early Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study | Italy | Alzheimer’s Disease; Early stage; Clinical Dementia Rating score 0.5-1.0; Stable psycho-active medication | Lexical-semantic stimulation through video was compared to face-to-face (live) therapy and unstructured cognitive treatment |
D | Read more | ||||
| RebiQoL: A randomized trial of telemedicine patient support program for health-related quality of life and adherence in people with MS treated with Rebif | Sweden | Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; Treated with Rebif (22 or 44 mcg 3x/week); Rebismart | Patient support program offered by independent vendor |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Effectiveness of teleassistance at improving quality of life in people with neuromuscular diseases | Spain | Neuromuscular disease (Myashenia gravis, Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy) | Cognitive-behavioral therapy offered 7 times throughout 4 months through video |
D+E | Read more | ||||
| Acceptability, Feasibility, and Cost of Telemedicine for Nonacute Headaches: A Randomized Study Comparing Video and Traditional Consultations | Norway | Referral to neurologist for non-acute headache diagnostic clarification and/or treatment; Lack of abnormal findings on neurological examination | Comparing telemedicine to normal consultations for diagnosing and treating non-acute headaches – feasibility immediately after 1st consultation |
D | Read more | ||||
| A randomized trial of telemedicine efficacy and safety for nonacute headaches | Norway | Referral to neurologist for non-acute headache diagnostic clarification and/or treatment; Lack of abnormal findings on neurological examination | Comparing telemedicine to normal consultations for diagnosing and treating non-acute headaches – feasibility immediately after 1st consultation |
D | Read more | ||||
| Efficacy of a Videoconferencing Intervention Compared With Standard Postnatal Care at Primary Care Health Centres in Catalonia | Spain | Women receiving antenatal care. | Virtual consultations from women’s home, by videoconference or telephone hotline. The virtual consultations started once women were discharged from hospital. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Robot-assisted remote echocardiographic examination and teleconsultation: a randomized comparison of time to diagnosis with standard of care referral approach | Sweden | Heart failure | EHealth solution for cardiological consultation with robot-assisted remote echocardiography at a distance. The patient was examined by GP at primary healthcare clinic and electronic patient journal was sent to the cardiologist. |
A+B+D+E+F | Read more | ||||
| Impact on clinical events and healthcare costs of adding telemedicine to multidisciplinary disease management programmes for heart failure: Results of a randomized controlled trial | Spain | Heart failure | Home monitoring of weight, heart rate and blood pressure. Daily automated tele monitoring using the web page. Virtual video contacts between the health care professional and the patient. |
A+B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Impact of telemedicine on the clinical outcomes and healthcare costs of patients with chronic heart failure and mid-range or preserved ejection fraction managed in a multidisciplinary chronic heart failure programme: A sub-analysis of the iCOR randomized trial | Spain | Chronic heart failure; LVEF ≥40% | Patient monitor and reports bio- measures and heart failure symptoms. Consultations performed using videoconferences. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Among Patients With a Recent Myocardial Infarction: The U-CARE Heart Randomized Controlled Trial | Sweden | <75 years of age; Myocardial infarction (MI) <3 months; >7 on one or both of the 2 Hospital anxiety and depression subscales (HADS) | Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therapist guided 10 modules with different themes. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Home-based versus in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: a nonrandomized controlled study | Italy | Cardiac surgery; Low to medium risk for early mortality (Euro SCORE 0–5) | Home based exercise rehabilitation with personalized training program. Can follow up to 8 patients at the same time. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Conventional Rehabilitation Therapy Versus Telerehabilitation in Cardiac Patients: A Comparison of Motivation, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life | Denmark | Cardiovascular disease | Individualized tele rehabilitation program to address lifestyle changes and improve self-care. Patients monitor BP, HR and steps. Staff monitored the values twice a week and had contact with the participant if needed. Each patient received guidance in physical training, education in lifestyle changes. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| A new multidisciplinary home care telemedicine system to monitor stable chronic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a randomized study. | Spain | Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection | Multidisciplinary internet-based home care model covering the entire management of chronic HIV infected patients (Virtual hospital). Allowing the patient to be remotely followed-up by professionals and have access to their own clinical and pharmaceutical files |
C+D+F | Read more | ||||
| Online versus face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomised controlled trial. | UK | COPD, grade 2 or greater | Online Pulmonary Rehab program (my PR), for improving physical scores. Face to face online sessions with physiotherapist |
C+D | Read more | ||||
| The Effect of Tele-Consultation Between a Hospital-Based Nurse and a COPD Patient. | Denmark | COPD | Daily teleconsultation for one week in addition to conventional treatment |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Using preventive home monitoring to reduce hospital admission rates and reduce costs: a case study of telehealth among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. | Denmark | COPD | Home monitoring of blood pressure pulse, weight, oxygen level and lung function. Data transferred via website. Rehabilitation program via video conference. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| A cohort study following up on a randomised controlled trial of a telemedicine application in COPD patients. | Denmark | COPD | Daily teleconsultation for one week in addition to conventional treatment |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| The impact of virtual admission on self-efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a randomised clinical trial. | Denmark | COPD, GOLD stage III-IV Estimated duration of admission >two days | Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| How virtual admission affects coping – telemedicine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | Denmark | COPD, GOLD stage III-IV Estimated duration of admission >two days | Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| A Bayesian Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Telemedicine-Based Strategy for the Management of Sleep Apnoea: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial | Spain | Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Requiring CPAP treatment | Intervention: Tele-follow-up to CPAP use and interactive webpage for 6 months
Duration: 6 months
Control group: Usual Care |
C+D | Read more | ||||
| Home-based telehealth hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: findings from “the virtual hospital” trial. | Denmark | Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ; Acute exacerbation | Home-based telehealth hospitalization for exacerbation (The Virtual Hospital). Patients were prepared for daily ward rounds using the touch screen at appointed hours. Home monitoring of lung function, pulse and temperature. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Effect of tele health care on exacerbations and hospital admissions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial. | Denmark | Home monitoring of lung function, pulse and weight. Video consultation with spirometry 1 x week during the first 4 weeks of the study period, then once monthly. | Home monitoring of lung function, pulse and weight. Video consultation with spirometry 1 x week during the first 4 weeks of the study period, then once monthly. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| A randomised trial of telemedicine-based treatment versus conventional hospitalisation in patients with severe COPD and exacerbation – effect on self-reported outcome. | Denmark | Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature. | Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature.Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature.Patients are hospitalized in the Virtual Hospital and have 1-4 contacts/day. Home monitoring of pulse and temperature. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Nurse tele-consultations with discharged COPD patients reduce early readmissions–an interventional study. | Denmark | Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Acute exacerbation | Data record and transmission of physical status, Saturation, Lung function. Video consultation at home with a nurse based at the hospital for approximately one week- |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| The effect of real-time teleconsultations between hospital-based nurses and patients with severe COPD discharged after an exacerbation | Denmark | COPD | Daily teleconsultation for one week in addition to conventional treatment. Measurements on pulse, saturation and spirometry |
B+D+E+F | Read more | ||||
| Effect of tele-health care on quality of life in patients with severe COPD: a randomized clinical trial. | Denmark | Severe and very severe COPD at high risk of exacerbations | Home monitoring of lung function, pulse and weight. Video consultation with spirometry 1 x week during the first 4 weeks of the study period, then once monthly. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Management of continuous positive airway pressure treatment compliance using telemonitoring in obstructive sleep apnoea. | Spain | - Newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea - Apnoea-hypopnoea index >15 events/hr | CPAP with modem and telephone problem-solving was compared to normal CPAP. Webpage with patient information. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Home-based maintenance tele-rehabilitation reduces the risk for acute exacerbations of COPD, hospitalisations and emergency department visits. | Greece | COPD with moderate to severe airflow obstruction | Two months outpatient rehabilitation followed by 12 months tele rehabilitation via video |
Read more | |||||
| Effectiveness of a telemonitoring intensive strategy in early rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the conventional management approach. | Italy | Early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) | Tele monitoring intensive strategy in reaching remission and comprehensive disease control (CDC) |
C+D | Read more | ||||
| REAL-WORLD CLINICAL EVALUATION AND COSTS OF TELEMEDICINE FOR CHRONIC WOUND MANAGEMENT. | France | Chronic non-cancerous wound | Telemedicine for the follow-up of complex chronic wounds (TELAP Network). Management of wound care by the general practitioner and private home-care nurse, who were linked by teleconsultation (or tele-expertise) to the expert healthcare network team (a nurse and the dermatologist). |
A+B+D | Read more | ||||
| Implementing Real-Time Video Consultation in Plastic Surgery. | Netherlands | Plastic surgery of the face | Follow-up consultation between the patient and physician via real-time video connection |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Telemedically Supported Case Management of Living-Donor Renal Transplant Recipients to Optimize Routine Evidence-Based Aftercare: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial. | Germany | Living-donor renal transplant recipients | Home monitoring system with real-time video, laptop and touchscreen. Data record and transmission of fluid balance, vital signs, symptoms, immunosuppressives. |
B+D | Read more | ||||
| Telehealth system: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of an internet-based exercise intervention on quality of life, pain, muscle strength, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors. | Spain | Breast cancer (stage I-IIIA); Adjuvant therapy (except hormone treatment) | Internet-based tailored exercise intervention for improving adverse events, functional capacity and cognition. |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| Effect of an Internet-based telehealth system on functional capacity and cognition in breast cancer survivors: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. | Spain | Breast cancer (stage I-IIIA); Adjuvant therapy (except hormone treatment) | Internet-based tailored exercise intervention for improving adverse events, functional capacity and cognition |
B+D+E | Read more | ||||
| The effect of weekly specialist palliative care teleconsultations in patients with advanced cancer -a randomized clinical trial. | Nether-lands | Advanced cancer with less than 3 months to live; Home-dwelling; Have a GP who agrees to participate | Teleconsultations from a hospital-based specialist palliative care consultation team (SPCT). Effect on patient experienced symptom burden |
A+B+D | Read more | ||||
| Patient satisfaction with remote orthopaedic consultation by using telemedicine: A randomised controlled trial. | Norway | Orthopedic patients | Consultation between nurse and patient at a remote location and an orthopedic surgeon at the clinic. Orthopedic surgeon and radiologist registers in the records. Surgeon navigates the camera to see wound or moving abilities. X-rays taken at the remote clinic |
A+B+D | Read more | ||||
| Cost-Effectiveness of Telemedicine in Remote Orthopedic Consultations: Randomized Controlled Trial. | Norway | Orthopedic patients | Consultation between nurse and patient at a remote location and an orthopedic surgeon at the clinic. Orthopedic surgeon and radiologist registers in the records. Surgeon navigates the camera to see wound or moving abilities. X-rays taken at the remote clinic |
A+B+D | Read more | ||||
| Quality of care for remote orthopaedic consultations using telemedicine: a randomised controlled trial. | Norway | Orthopedic patients | Consultation between nurse and patient at a remote location and an orthopedic surgeon at the clinic. Orthopedic surgeon and radiologist registers in the records. Surgeon navigates the camera to see wound or moving abilities. X-rays taken at the remote clinic |
A+B+D | Read more | ||||
| Telemedicine support shortens length of stay after fast-track hip replacement. | Denmark | Fast-track total hip replacement (THR); < 60 km from hospital | The telemedicine solution is a box for the TV set with a possibility for a video conference, including an audio and text explanations. 2 videoconferences in the first week. A visit by a physiotherapist in the first week |
B+C+D+E | Read more |